Which element is NOT part of the 4Ps in global marketing?

The 4Ps in global marketing refer to Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Each of these elements plays a critical role in developing a marketing strategy that effectively reaches and engages the target audience in different geographical regions.

Promotion involves the various methods used to communicate with potential customers, including advertising, public relations, and sales promotions. Price represents the amount customers are willing to pay for a product or service, which can vary significantly across different markets due to factors such as purchasing power and competitive landscape. Place refers to the distribution channels through which a product or service is delivered to consumers, highlighting the importance of accessibility and convenience in the buying process.

While the concept of ‘People’ is indeed crucial in marketing, particularly in terms of understanding consumer behavior and building relationships, it is not traditionally included as one of the 4Ps. Instead, 'People' might be considered in a broader marketing framework or in service marketing contexts where human interaction is pivotal. The four elements of the marketing mix are foundational to effectively strategizing in global markets, emphasizing the significance of balancing all four to achieve a successful marketing campaign.